Overview

Subjects will be offered the opportunity to participate in a randomized, controlled, 2-arm, unblinded multicenter trial (RCT). There will be 2 study arms: the control arm receiving chemotherapy with the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen alone; and the irreversible electroporation (IRE) arm, receiving chemotherapy with the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen followed by IRE with the NanoKnife System using either an open or a percutaneous approach. All subjects will be treated with the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen for at least 3 months; randomization to either control or IRE arm will take place at the time of completion of the 3 month modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy regimen. Randomization will be conducted centrally. Subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio and must be found to have no evidence of disease progression after completion of the 3 month modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy regimen in order to participate in the RCT. All radiologic assessments will be performed as consistent with the imaging protocol. All post induction and post IRE treatments are left to the discretion of the treating physician. The minimum period of follow-up will be for 24 months or until death.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form.
2. Subject is 18 years of age and older.
3. Subject has a diagnosis of unresectable Stage 3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer cytologically or pathologically confirmed per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging criteria.
4. Subject has a tumor evaluated as Stage 3 according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, based on radiographic imaging or exploratory surgery.
5. Maximum axial and anterior to posterior tumor dimension of ≤3.5cm, after receiving three months of treatment with the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen.
6. Subject has received 3 months of treatment with the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen.
7. Subject has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
8. Subject has an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of physical health status of 1 or 2.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects who are or may be pregnant as determined by a positive pregnancy test or breastfeeding or male or female patients of reproductive potential who are not willing to employ highly effective birth control from screening to 6 months after the last dose of chemotherapy.
2. Subjects who are unable to tolerate general anesthetic with full skeletal muscle blockade.
3. Subjects who are actively bleeding, anticoagulated, coagulopathy, or have any of the following hematology results: hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL without the support of growth factors or transfusions absolute neutrophil count less than 1500 cells/mL; or platelet count less than 100,000.
4. Subjects with the presence of implanted cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, electronic devices or implanted devices with metal parts in the thoracic cavity at the time of IRE.
5. Subjects with history of epilepsy or other neurological disease.
6. Subjects with renal, cardiac, liver, or hematological abnormalities of concern to the investigator.
7. Subjects with Stage 3, 4, or 5 chronic kidney disease.
8. Subjects receiving IRE for margin accentuation.
9. Subjects who at 3 months after FOLFIRINOX treatment have evidence of disease progression.
10. Participation in another interventional trial for pancreatic cancer.
11. Subjects who did not meet study defined criteria for adequacy of induction treatment at the end of the 3 months.