The ASTRAL Study is investigating a treatment called lumbar radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) for people with long-term low back pain. LRFA is a medical procedure aiming to reduce pain by using heat from radio waves to target specific nerves in the back. There are three groups in the study: one with the standard LRFA procedure, one with a new version using multi-tined electrodes for larger areas, and one with a simulated procedure, which acts as a control for comparison. The study will help determine which method is most effective for reducing back pain and improving movement.

• Participants need to be involved for the full study duration and must be willing to go through the different procedures.
• The study is suitable for adults 18 and older with chronic low back pain lasting at least 3 months.
• Individuals will be compensated for their participation in the study.